Apparatus for use in converting hydrocarbons



g 1952 E. w. SHAND APPARATUS FOR USE IN CONVERTING HYDROCARBONS Filed May 28, 1947 INVENTOR.

EDWIN W. SHAND AT TORNE Y8 Patented Aug. 26, 1952 a UNITED sures PAT T i 7 HYDROCARBONS Edwin W. Shand, Homewood, Ill., assignor to Sini H clair Refining Company, New York; N. Y.,'a cor- 1 .poration of Maine M a l catioaluayzs, 1947, Serial No.751,113 2 U eam. (ores-488 Thisinventi'on' relates to .pyrolytic. conversion chambermay be such that the-catalystis cmof hydrocarbons and -more particularly to pyroployedfor alength of time to put'it in condition lytic conversion processes involvingtheluse of ready for regeneration when-it reachestheLoutcatalysts. I l let'end ofthe chamber. l 1 J In the conversionof hydrocarbon basestocks 5 In the accompanying drawing I haveshown to produce. products having desired. properties, an apparatus suitable for use in practicing: the such as high octane number for use in gasoline, process and forming a part of the invention. the stock is submitted to one of several processes, In thisshowingzr such as cracking, hydrogenation, dehydrogena- Fig. 1 is a longitudinal; sectional view illus tion, etc., in thepresenceof acatalyst adsorbed trating," somewhat diagrammatically. oneiorrn ona carrier. l l l H 5 of apparatus suitable for usegin practicing. the

In many of such processes the catalyst is in process; and i l i 1':- pellet former the catalyst comprises a coating of Fig 2: is a transversefsectional view of .one

a metal or metal oxide on pellets of clay, silica of the treating chambersshownin Figirlt 1 shor the like. After such catalysts have been used Referring to the drawing, the reference nu.- tor a period of time, they must be removed from meralhllw designates: generally an: outer'iacasing the treating zone and regenerated by burning provided with headers 2 and 3adjacent the inlet off the carbonWhich has, been deposited on the and 'outletendsi. This providesa'n inletchamber pellets. 'The present invention relates to a 4-1into11whichethe catalyst. and vapors. are. de' meth0dl..:of and apparatus for converting hydrolivered andwanputlet chamber 5 from 'whichthe carbons .in whichthe catalyst is periodically treatedvapors and spent catalyst are discharged.

removedfor regeneration. in a simple and: inex- Between the. headers I provide a plurality .of pensive manner. l treatingchambers 6. These chambers may be of Incarrying out the process, I employ a treatwhatever length is necessary forthe practice of ing chamber consisting of a plurality of separate the particular; process and of any desired width passages or trays of considerable width and but are .of" a" height slightly greater than? the lengthbut of a height only slightly greater than diameter, of the spherical beads of which .the that oftheindividual beads or pellets of catalyst. catalyst is formed. As shown :in Fig. 12,, the

The catalyst is delivered to these treating chamchamber consists of a' bottom 1, top 8 and side bers at the inlet end or the apparatus in such walls 9 and the distance between the top and manner that it forms a layer of a single thickbottom is approximately one and a half times ness. The charge oil to be treated is also fed the diameter of the catalyst beads I0. Heating into the inlet end of the apparatus and the gases may flow through the space between the velocity of the charge is such that the pellets headers, around the treating chambers 6 for or beads are rolled along the floor of the sections the purpose of maintaining the desired temof the chamber during which time the converperature for the particular converting process sion operation takes place. At the outlet end and for this purpose the surrounding space H of the apparatus the treated vapors are dismay be provided with an inlet pipe l2 and an charged and may be taken to suitable apparatus, outlet pipe l3.

such as fractionators, condensers, separators, The catalyst is delivered to the inlet chamber stabilizers or the like. The catalyst is collected 4 from a hopper I4, the catalyst being fed to in a suitable hopper and delivered to a conveyor the hopper through an inlet l5 having a conwhence it is carried to a regenerating chamber. trol valve 16 therein. The charge oil to be treat- The regenerating chamber may be constructed ed is delivered to the inlet space through a pipe similarly to the treating chamber with the cata- I1. As shown, the ends of the chambers 6 extend lyst beads delivered at the inlet end and propelled into the space 4 a progressively increasing disthrough it by the air normally used in regeneratance from top to bottom, as indicated at l8. tion of the catalyst. The length of the treating Catalyst flowing into the space 4 from the hopchamber may be correlated to the particular per I4 is thus fed into the chambers 6 in a process to be performed to accomplish two single layer and fills these chambers. At the resultsh le f t Chamber y b c outlet end of the apparatus the catalyst falls that the charge oil vapors in passing through from the ends of the chambers 6 into a hopper the chamber are in contact with the catalyst for IS whence it is conveyed through a pipe 20 to a the proper length of time to perform the desired conveyor or other suitable apparatus and thence converting operation. Also the length of the to a regenerating chamber. The treated stock the beads toward the outlet end of the chamber.

.end. The length of these chambers may be such that the charge oil is maintained in contact with the catalyst for the proper length of time to perform the desired converting operation. It may also be suchthat when the catalyst beads reaohtheoutlet end of the apparatus, they are insuch. condition as to be ready for regeneration.

Th process may be employed in connection with;v any of the processes of treatin hydrocarhens. in which the catalyst is in the form of beads or. pellets or in which a support or carrier of silica, clay or the like in the form ofbeads'or pellets is employed with the catalyst arranged on the pellets in the form of a coating. 7 Thus the process may be employed for treating acharge stock consisting either of gasoline or naphtha, boiling between 200 and. 500 F., with a catalyst consisting of aluminum hydrosilicate for the purpos of increasing. the octane number and lowering the sulphur content of: the treated stock. The charge oil to be treated is vaporized, heated'to a temperature of approximately 850 F. and delivered to the inlet 11, the catalyst in the form ofbeads being supplled'to the hopper 14. The catalyst flows on to the. floors 1 of the treating chambers'and the vapors are fed at such velocity that they propel the catalyst beads through the apparatus. At the outlet end the treated vapors arec'onveyed through .outlet 2| to, a iractionatin'g tower toseparate them into desired fractions.

The process may also be used for dehydrogenation using a charge oil consisting of alkanes and a. catalyst consisting of. chromium oxide on pelhydrogen and gases.

4 V V lets of alumina. The charge oil is heated to the required temperature anddelivered to the inlet chamber 4 through pipe IT. The treated products fromthe outlet pipe 21 are passed through a separator to separate the liquid portions from The liquid fraction is then fractionated to separate the alkanes from the alkenes'; 1

Iclaim:

In an apparatus for use in converting hydroinlet header, hopper means mounted on top of said header for delivering said pellets thereto, a

plurality of horizontally extending and vertically spaced tray-like shallow chambers whose widths aremany times their heights connected at their inlet ends to said header, said chambers defining aplurality of restricted passages adapted to maintain a Wide free rolling catalyst bed at single pellet thickness, said inlet ends being slightly upturned and extending into said header aprogressively increasing distance from top to bottomto provide single thickness catalyst pellet flow in said chambers, a hydrocarbon vapor inlet pipe connected to said header in a manner such that thevapor flows into said chambers and causes the pellets to be rolled therethrough, anoutlet header connected to the outlet endsof said chambers, a treated vapor outlet mounted on said outlet header, and means for heating said cham b rs.

e EDWIN W. sHAND.

REFERENCES: CITED The following references are of record irithe file ofthis patent: Y Y

' UNITED STATES PATENTS Date Number 7 Name 533,929 Taylor 'Feb. 12;.1895 1,297,833 Govers Mar. 18, 1919 2,371,619 Hartley Mar; 20, 1945 2,384,943 Marisic Se'pt..18, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 383,616 Great Britain Feb. 13-, 1931 731,143 France May 24, 1932 

